Overresponding: A Lesson

Say this about Twitter, it certainly is a treasure trove of incident mishandling for analysis.

Today’s lesson comes to us from the Topeka Kansas Home Office and is about the danger of overresponding to an issue. Overresponding means you respond to the issue with more force than is appropriate and in so doing your response creates more problems than it solves. Overresponse is actually a very common pitfall in crisis communications and is typically a panic move made by people who aren’t experienced in this arena.

The lesson comes from Kansas governor Sam Brownback, or more accurately his director of communication Sherriene Jones-Sontag. This Associated Press story has all the important details, but the key points are that a high school student joking tweeted something negative about the governor on Friday. His director of communications spotted it and complained to the school, who promptly brought the student in and told her she had to write an apology.

Setting aside the ways this incident from the outset has clear incendiary qualities because of the way it looks (and frankly is) the governor and the school system bringing their coercive force to bear on an expression of speech, this is a classic example of overresponding to a negative comment.

The fact is that this critic had a mere 65 followers. If there had been no response from the governor’s office, the only people that would have even seen this criticism are maybe 100 people at most. It’s a simple bet that well over 100 people have seen that original remark now after the governor’s response. From that standpoint alone, the handling represents overresponse: their response drove more eyeballs to the negative news than would have seen it if they just left it alone.

Add to that then the nature of the response and how broadly negative the response to that response is. On the first business day after the story broke the governor and school district have had to retreat and apologize. That tells us that both the governor and the school district were coming out strongly on the losing end of public opinion. A retraction that quickly is essentially saying “uncle”.

Worse yet, this response has spiraled now beyond the original issue and is prompting broader questions that may linger and be more damaging than this incident was. This opinion piece by Dean Obeidallah on CNN (a high profile site) raises a number of questions that I’m sure the governor’s office would prefer never have been raised, particularly the question about tax payer funding of social media monitoring and the likening of the governor’s actions to Nixon’s enemies list.

What this illustrates is what can go wrong if you overrespond to an issue. What people should take away from this is the importance of understanding that not every negative comment deserves a response. Sometimes your response can make an issue bigger than it would be otherwise. And sometimes your response can take on a life of its own and become more of a negative issue than the original thing that prompted the response. Finally, this also highlights how freedom of speech issues are very hot button and organizations should always try to never look like they’re on the wrong side of that issue.

In the end, sometimes the right thing to do is the less obvious thing: leave the issue alone. And this is where people who are experienced in crisis communications can help, because we understand these risks and can help make an informed assessment on whether it makes sense to respond at all.

JetBlue: A better, more personal response

To follow up my post earlier today, it appears JetBlue is taking a better, more personal track in their response. Late today they posted a video statement by the COO on their blog site that definitely hits a much better tone and hits some of the points I wrote that I thought a better response should contain (including that it be a video response). It acknowledges shortcomings, speaks with empathy and understanding, has an apologetic tone, promises improvements, and most of all, is direct and personal putting a real person with a real name and title up for all to see.

I can’t take any credit for it. I did post a link to my post on their site under their original posting, but have no idea if anyone there read it.

But the important thing is that this shows that some of the points I raised as far as a better, more personal handling are valid ones.

Hopefully they’ll keep on this more transparent, more personal track moving forward. If nothing else, they deserve credit for changing course relatively quickly.

Is Facebook #Winning?

I tend to shy away from predictions in an area as fluid as social media. The intertubes are filled with plenty of old pages proclaiming the eternal dominance of MySpace, the coming failure of Facebook, and a host of other predictions that have been laughably off the mark.

But I have had this nagging feeling in the back of my head for a few weeks that I think Twitter might be losing out to Facebook at long last.

Granted, this isn’t scientific at all, but a couple of anecdotal indicators on the ground.

First, I have a few friends who have been shutting down/tuning out Twitter. They’ve said they find it too hard to keep up. Others that the 140 character limit while fun at first has become cumbersome. Most of all, though, I’ve heard people say that they feel like they can get done what they used to do on Twitter better on Facebook (without such a hard character limit).

Second, I’ve noticed how one of our local news stations is no longer promoting Twitter like they used to. KOMO News is a local Seattle news outlet. For a couple of years now, they have been actively promoting the Chief Meteorologist, Steve Pool’s, Twitter handle and Facebook page. Lately though, their on-air promotion has stopped promoting Twitter and now only highlights Facebook.

Granted, this isn’t scientific. But I can’t help but have this sneaking suspicion that Facebook’s attempts to be a social media platform (as opposed to an application) is slowly succeeding. Why use Foursquare, Twitter, and IM when you can get it all done through Facebook? Their ability to unite multiple social actions into a single place has an advantage of simplicity.

Add to this that Facebook clearly has been able to develop a viable revenue model for their service while Twitter still seems to struggle in that arena. And finally, consider the fact that Twitter’s leadership seems to be in turmoil lately. Take all them together and this may be the window in which, when the history books are written, Twitter entered its decline and Facebook began to overcome it.

Again, we shall see. I refuse to call this a prediction. Let’s just call this an observation of a possibility.

This may be the time when Facebook started #winning.

Lead or go out of business

That’s increasingly the reality around communications and online security/privacy incidents. If you don’t lead in providing information then others will do it for you. And that can mean your company could be out of business in just a few days. Google, Microsoft, Mozilla and the Dutch government have all made this point very clear over the course of the past few days in regards to the DigiNotar compromise.

You can get full details in Gregg Keizer’s story but the important facts are that DigiNotar is a Dutch company that issues digital certificates used for secure web browsing. Around August 29, 2011 Google discovered a forged DigiNotar certificate was being used on the Internet. In real terms, this means that someone could use this certificate to watch what you’re doing on the Internet when you’re using a secure channel without you knowing it. Google, Microsoft, and Mozilla all responded by making the forged certificate unusable in their browsers but keeping the rest of DigiNotar’s certificates usable. This is a standard response when situations like this have happened in the past.

But over the next four days, it emerged that DigiNotar had been aware of this attack since mid-July, that it was broader than a single certificate and had said nothing. In response to that lack of transparency and communication Google, Microsoft, Mozilla, and the Dutch government, now involved because they used DigiNotar for sensitive government websites, took an unprecedented step in response. They revoked all certificates that DigiNotar has issued or will ever issue, basically putting them out of business. It would be like United States Government declaring that a state’s driver’s license issuing procedures were so weak that none of their licenses will be accepted as valid IDs ever again.

If you need any proof that the lack of transparency and communication was the chief driver of this decision,  Johnathan Nightingale who is Director of Firefox Engineering over at Mozilla cites the lack of notification as the first reason behind their decision. He goes on to talk about  how “Incidents like this one demonstrate the need for active, immediate and comprehensive communication”. While his comments are to this specific incident, they apply to any online security/privacy incident.

DigiNotar had two chances to take the lead in this situation. First, when it was discovered in mid-July, and then when it first broke publicly in late August. If they had made a point to be the source of authoritative information at either of these junctures, they may have been able to keep control of the situation and keep from being shunted to the sides and shuttered by the other affected parties. As it is, though, they’ve become a cautionary tale of how fast things move in Internet time and how quickly one poorly handled incident can close down a business.

Who the $*#@ is TMZ?

I suspect you might have heard something like this from Representative Anthony Weiner this weekend.

The latest drops to fall in the water torture that is the Weiner story came this weekend from TMZ.COM. Specifically, they managed to get a hold of eleven new pictures allegedly taken by the representative of himself at the Congressional gym. Be warned, they’re mostly safe for work but maybe not safe for your sanity.

Unless you have a guilty (or not so guilty) pleasure in celebrity gossip like I do, you may well be asking (like I suspect Weiner was): who the $*#@ is TMZ.COM?

The short answer is they’re a celebrity gossip website. They tend to be flashy and very aggressive. So it’s not surprising that they would jump into this mess like they have.

The more interesting point in this, though, is the fact that a celebrity gossip tabloid is involved in a political story. Granted, that boundary has been tested by the National Enquirer with the John Edwards story. But in a way, that was the Enquirer acting less as a gossip tabloid and more as a traditional journalism outlet. They won that story the same way that Woodward and Bernstein did: though hard investigative journalism.

By that measure, TMZ.COM’s entry into the Weiner situation is a bit different. Weiner’s folks now have to manage not only the Washington Posts, New York Times and Politicos of the world. They now have to start watching out for the hyper-aggressive gossip/tabloid press too.

The important lesson from this is that crisis situations jump out of the traditional boxes PR professionals are used to. As you’re managing a situation, you need to be on the watch for an issue to jump like this and be ready to start playing a different game with different rules. And if your situation does break into the online celebrity gossip tabloids: be ready to fight hard and fast because that’s one of the toughest arenas out there.

The One Two Punch

It’s always nice to start the week off with a positive, successful story.

Today’s example of a good way to use social media to manage bad situations comes from McDonald’s via Mashable.

The facts appear to be that someone managed to lay hands on or create an official looking piece of McDonald’s letterhead. They then proceeded to print something outrageously racist  on it. They taped it up on the glass of a door to a McDonald’s restaurant, took a picture, posted it to Twitter and then sat back to watch the “fun”.

McDonald’s used a smart combination of Twitter and traditional media response in their handling to very smart effect. They used the speed and succinctness of Twitter to get out a quick and effective response.  Mashable also contacted McDonald’s and got a full statement from Rick Wion, one of the folks on their Twitter handle, that reiterates the point that it’s a hoax and uses the format of that response to give more background and detail.

These two used together like this form a potent and effective “one two punch”. McDonald’s also gets credit for having what seems likely to be the same person handle both responses. It makes the response more human and genuine.

Sometimes less is more in terms of responses. And this shows how the short form of Twitter can work very well in those instances.

Overall a successful defusing of a potentially bad situation. You likely wouldn’t have heard about it if I didn’t write on it. That is the mark of success in this space.

The Dangers of Waffling

Changing gears a bit, reading this story today about the response to the ongoing E. coli situation in Germany highlights the dangers waffling poses to organizations charged with managing crises.

One of the most important intangibles that an organization has in a crisis is authority. That is, their ability to speak to a situation and have people:

  • Listen
  • Believe what they’re being told
  • Take whatever actions they’re being asked to take

Authority is crucial in a crisis, particularly in true life-or-death situations. If your organization is charged with issuing evacuation orders, for instance, the last thing you want (or have time for) is trying to convince people that they need to listen to you. You want them to pack up and go right away with no arguments.

The article outlines how German jealth officials are now starting to face a crisis of confidence. In the face of multiple instances of backtracking from previous statements of possible sources of the outbreak people are starting to doubt officials’ very competence:

“All this wishy-washy back-and-forth, it’s just incompetence,” said Dr. Michael Osterholm, director of the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy at the University of Minnesota.

While the article is primarily focused on the science and methodology being pursued, I would argue that the critical elements here are actually centered around a key principle of crisis communications. You have to view your authoritative capital as a finite resource and one that you spend cautiously. In highly complex, technical situations like this, there is a lot of messy work that happens to understand the problem. While experts and those familiar with that world may understand and accept that reality (and indeed may view too much simplicity and clarity with suspicion), lay people don’t. What they look for and expect is a simple, clear and accurate statement of the cause.

Until the technical experts can say that they are positive that they’ve accurately identified the issue, it’s critical to preserving authority that organizations stick to a line that says “we have a process, we’re working the process and as soon as we know for certain what it is, we will say so”. This isn’t just for situations around food-borne illness: this applies to any highly complex, technical situation that requires research and investigation.

In the midst of a crisis this approach can be frustrating to people who want more information. And yes, it can sometimes open a door for third parties to come in and speculate. But those third parties lack authority and can afford to be wrong with little to no consequence. But for organizations that have and need to retain authority in a crisis, the key lesson we’ve seen over the years is that frustration will generally dissipate once the crisis has past. Lost authority because of conflicting, inaccurate answers however stays for good and is hard to get back.

Unfortunately, I suspect that any future incidents that German health officials have to manage will be hampered now by their need to re-establish and retain their increasingly lost authority.

Hiding in Plain Sight

This morning’s news feed contains stories about the breaking of another so-called “superinjuction“.

If you’re not aware, a “superinjunction” is a legal order out of the United Kingdom. It’s similar to what we would call a “gag order” here in the United States.

“Superinjunctions” though go a step further than traditional gag orders because not only can you not talk about whatever it is the injunction has been granted to cover, but the very fact that the injunction exists and what it enjoins is also covered. In other words, not only can you not talk or write about something, but you can’t talk or write about the fact that you can’t talk or write about it either.

Superinjunctions aren’t new. But they took on a new light in April when information that was covered under one of these superinjunctions was leaked to Twitter. The holder of the injunction went to Twitter to enforce the injunction. Being a legal order, Twitter had no real choice and started to enforce the order by removing tweets. The Twittersphere, though, took issue with this act of censorship and used the easy, quick sharing capabilities of Twitter to confound the effectiveness of enforcing the order be retweeting the story faster and more broadly than it could be removed. Folks also took to Facebook to post information too.

Today, now, we read that an Irish newspaper has released information sealed under a different superinjunction. Since Ireland isn’t part of the UK, the British superinjunction has no teeth in Ireland.

The Twitter episode also shows how the old tools to control information simply don’t work now. Peer sharing creates millions of possible communications channels at once, and it’s infeasible to monitor and shut them all down at once. This is compounded too by the fact that there are multiple peer sharing channels. Even if you are able to block Twitter for example, people will move to Facebook and even text messages.

Both episodes also underscore how actively trying to kill discussion of something in the public sphere ultimately achieves the opposite effect. In a global, socially connected world like we live in now, not only can you not put the toothpaste back in the tube, but if you try, people will pick up on that and give the story significantly more attention than it otherwise would have gotten.

This global, socially connected world is one that is highly sensitive to attempts to control information. And it’s one that will respond quickly and vigorously to those attempts.

The lesson from this is clear. If you have a story that you don’t want people to read about: leave it. Do NOT try to shut down discussion because you will only make the matter worse. Your best bet is to try and hide in plain sight.

Rep. Weiner’s Tangled Twitter Tempest

The past two days has seen the mysterious case of the picture sent from US Representative Anthony Weiner’s Twitter handle to a female college student here in Washington state go from bad to worse to downright toxic in the span of two days.

As I write this, this story is now listed as the top story on Google News with over 1700 stories listed on this for today.

It remains to be seen how this will all play out.

One thing is clear though, the downward progression of this story in terms of tone and the outward progression in terms of breadth of coverage are a direct result of yesterday’s failed attempts to quell the situation at a press conference.

Steve Kornacki has a good write-up at Salon outlining yesterday’s disastrous press conference. Justin Elliott follows on, again at Salon, with a good discussion of how that press conference has sent things spiraling out of control.

If you watch the video of the press conference, it’s a cringe-worthy performance. Weiner tries to seem that he’s being open, accessible, and up-front by engaging with the press, rather than simply “bunkering down” and not commenting or engaging. The problem is, he’s not actually being open. Once he starts to engage the reporters, he refuses to actually address the issue in a straight-forward manner. Worse yet, the questions they’re asking are reasonable in the mind of most people and refusing to answer compounds the sense of evasiveness and lack of candor.

The error of yesterday’s press conference was that they refused to pick a direction and go with it. They had the choice to either be open and engage the story head on, or take a more defensive, “bunker” approach. What they ended up doing was a combination of those two which leads to them showing us the defensive, “bunker” approach on camera. That really is the worst of both worlds. And the story has changed from one about sending a photo over Twitter to one of “what is the congressman covering up”.

It remains to be seen how this will play out. The handling today doesn’t bode well, though. The most recent statement has a tone of uncertainty that only builds on the sense of evasiveness. That’s sure to enflame the issue all the more. As a congressman, one would hope that he knows the lesson of Watergate that “it’s the cover-up that kills you”. Even if there is no cover-up, the handling makes it seem like there might be. And, as the saying goes, perception is everything.

At this point, you can be sure that this won’t go away until the press and the public are satisfied that there is nothing being hidden from them. The best way to contain and close down this situation now is to commit to a path of open engagement on the matter as quickly as possible.

Data Privacy Trifecta of Badness

One of my areas of speciality and focus has been managing data security and privacy crises.

So it’s been an interesting month to watch with three different incidents:

  1. The Epsilon data breach which saw the loss of customer names and email addresses for over thirty of Epsilon’s clients.
  2. The Apple iPhone tracking issue.
  3. The Sony PlayStation Network (PSN) outage and data breach.

While these issues affect different companies and different industries, all three major incidents are similar in terms of the shortcomings of their crisis communications response. In all three cases, there is a distinct lack of simple, clear, proactive, authoritative information coming from the affected companies.

With Sony it’s a slow, seemingly grudging response. With Apple it’s a backpedaling response with a hint of “you don’t understand”. And with Epsilon and its clients, it’s an uncoordinated, scattered and confusing response.

All three situations are bigger crises and bigger hits to reputation than they needed to be and that’s because of how the communication has been handled (or not). In fact, in the case of Sony, they’ve managed to obscure the fact that they’re doing the right thing from a technical point of view with their communications. There’s a lost opportunity there for them to get credit for a good technical response.

There’s a lot that can be analyzed with each of these situations but at a high-level, it’s good to take a step back and notice that there’s a trend here towards poor communications around data privacy incidents taking shape.

Follow

Get every new post delivered to your Inbox.